The water shortage in Israel and reclamation of treated wastewater for farm use
The problem of the water shortage in Israel has existed and has been recognized for many years.  The irregularity of rainfall and the shortage of potable water in Israel mandate the reuse of treated wastewater for agricultural irrigation.  
Industrial and household processes discharge inorganic salts into the wastewater.  In conventional treatment plants like Shafdan that are based on biological treatment, these brines cannot be treated and they bring about an increase in the salinity of the effluents and their disqualification for use in irrigation.

The reclamation of treated water for farm use
All of the effluents that are produced in the mechanical-biological facility (totaling approximately 130,000,000 m³ each year) are injected into the aquifer for final filtration, pumped from it after a period of about six months and are sent to the Negev for irrigating farms.  

For illustrative purposes, it can be said that most of the agriculture in the southern part of Israel used Shafdan water for irrigating crops in place of the need for potable water, which is so lacking here.

Water used for agriculture in a water recycling process
Shafdan produces high-quality irrigation water, which is very close to drinking water quality.  This water is pumped and sent to the Negev for irrigating farms.  Currently, about 70% of agricultural activity in the Negev Desert is irrigated using these effluents, thereby saving millions of cubic meters of drinking water in Israel.